Speech: Geopolitics in transport

Distinguished Minister, Members of the European Parliament and the National Assembly,
Excellencies, Representatives of ports, international organizations, academia and business,
Ladies and Gentlemen,

I.

It is a great pleasure and an honour to welcome you today to EMUNI University and to the international conference Geopolitics of Transport.

Welcome to Koper.

A city that has connected the Mediterranean with Central Europe for centuries.

A place where trade routes, cultures and ideas have met and interacted throughout history.

It is therefore only natural that we gather here to discuss the geopolitics of transport.

II.

Today’s conference addresses issues that are becoming increasingly important not only for Europe, but for the world as a whole.

The key question before us is simple: 

Will the Mediterranean remain a central hub of global connectivity

or 

Will ongoing disruptions reshape trade routes in ways that weaken its strategic importance?

Transport is no longer merely a matter of infrastructure and logistics.

It has become a matter of economic resilience, security and geopolitical influence.

III.

The Mediterranean remains one of the world’s most important transport and trade corridors.

It connects Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East.

Disruptions in global supply chains, conflicts in different parts of the world, and growing instability in the wider Mediterranean region have demonstrated how closely security, trade and development are interconnected.

They have also shown how quickly disruptions in one region can affect economies and societies across the globe.

This is why stability in the Mediterranean is not simply a regional concern.

It is a global concern.

A significant share of global trade passes through its maritime routes. Energy flows, supply chains and increasingly important data connections depend on its stability and openness.

When we discuss the future of the Mediterranean, we are also discussing the future of global connectivity.

Today, the Mediterranean is a central geopolitical space, where questions of connectivity, security and economic development increasingly intersect.

IV.

Today, Europe faces a rapidly evolving geopolitical landscape.

Transport corridors, ports and logistics hubs are becoming strategic assets.

They influence competitiveness, resilience and international positioning. Our challenge is therefore clear: 

We must preserve openness, cooperation and free trade

We must strengthen the resilience of our supply chains and ensure the security of critical transport routes.

V.

Transport policy can no longer be viewed solely through an economic lens.

It is also a matter of foreign policy, security, strategic autonomy and international cooperation.

The future of European connectivity will depend on our ability to build partnerships, to invest in modern infrastructure and to contribute to a stable and secure Mediterranean region.

In this effort, diplomacy remains indispensable.

Only through dialogue, cooperation and mutual trust can we ensure reliable and predictable transport routes.

And reliable connectivity remains a foundation of economic growth, stability and prosperity.

Respect for international law, sovereignty and freedom of navigation remains essential for global stability. 

Attempts to advance interests through force or by undermining international rules ultimately threaten the security and prosperity of us all.

VI.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

In this context, the mission of EMUNI University becomes even more relevant.

EMUNI was established with a clear vision: to connect the countries and peoples of the Euro-Mediterranean region through education, research, intercultural dialogue and the promotion of a culture of peace and shared prosperity.

Our mission is to build bridges between the northern and southern shores of the Mediterranean.

We firmly believe that long-term stability can not be built through infrastructure and investment alone.

It must also be built through knowledge, understanding and opportunities for future generations.

This is why I am particularly pleased to announce the further expansion of EMUNI’ s academic offer.

This year, we are launching a new Master’ s programme in Geopolitics and Geoeconomics of the Mediterranean.

Next year, this will be followed by new Master s programmes in Port Management and the Blue Economy.

These fields will play a crucial role in shaping the future of our region.

We need a new generation of professionals capable of understanding the complex interactions between geopolitics, transport, trade, energy, sustainability and international relations.

EMUNI aspires to become a platform where such knowledge is created, shared and transformed into practical solutions.

VII.

We also see our work as a contribution to broader European priorities: 

-to the implementation of the EU’s Southern Neighbourhood Policy.

-to strengthening Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.

-to the new vision of regional partnership embodied in the Pact for the Mediterranean.

Universities have an important role to play in this process.

They connect people, institutions and ideas.

They create trust.

And they prepare future leaders to address common challenges through cooperation rather than confrontation.

VIII.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Slovenia may be a small country in size.

Yet, it serves as an important bridge between Central Europe and the Mediterranean. 

Thanks to its geographical position, its maritime tradition, the Port of Koper and its active role within the EU.

Smaller states can make meaningful contributions through dialogue, regional expertise, coalition-building and support for cooperative solutions.

The same applies to international network of universities such as EMUNI. 

Our strength lies in connecting people.

Connecting knowledge.

And thus connecting coasts of Mediterranean.

I am therefore delighted that today’s conference brings together policymakers, diplomats, port authorities, business leaders, international organizations and academic experts.

The challenges we face are complex. But they are also shared.

And shared challenges require shared solutions.

I hope that today’s discussions will contribute not only to a better understanding of the changing geopolitical landscape

but also to stronger partnerships and new ideas for the future of Mediterranean and European connectivity.

Above all, I hope they will reaffirm our common belief that dialogue, cooperation and knowledge remain the most reliable foundations of a secure, stable and prosperous Mediterranean.

The future of the Mediterranean will not be shaped by geography alone, but by the choices we make together.

Thank you very much.

Challenges for Digital Citizenship and Ethics: Social Media, Deep Fakes, and Virtual Communities

Authors: Maja Pucelj (EMUNI University, Slovenia) and Rado Bohinc (EMUNI University, Piran, Slovenia) Release Date: October, 2024

Buy a Book

The integration of human rights, social responsibility, and technical innovation acquires significant importance in the current era of digital transformation. As technology rapidly evolves, it profoundly influences societal structures, economic systems, and individual lives. It is essential to examine the impact of digital transformation on human rights and social responsibility, and emphasize the importance of striking a balance that upholds individual rights while leveraging technological advances for the benefit of society as a whole.

Challenges for Digital Citizenship and Ethics: Social Media, Deep Fakes, and Virtual Communities analyzes the implications of digitalization on human rights and social responsibility. By adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this research combines perspectives from the fields of digital ethics, information technology, law, and social sciences. It examines the impact of digital technologies on privacy and data rights, assess the strategies utilized by corporations in the digital age to uphold human rights, and explore the policy and legal frameworks required to assure the ethical adoption of technology. Covering topics such as cybercrimes, digital literacy, and societal dynamics, this book is an excellent resource for policymakers, sociologists, researchers, academicians, educators, students, and more.

SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE GOVERNANCE

Author: dr. Rado Bohinc,The Human Aspects of Sustainable Development. ISBN: 978-961-295-083-5 (Fakulteta za družbne vede, Založba FDV)

This book brings together in one place the author’s key insights into the social and human aspects of sustainable governance and social responsibility. It presents some alternative models for more inclusive and effective governance approaches at both the societal and corporate levels. It addresses issues such as corporate social responsibility, the duties and responsibilities of shareholders and directors, cooperative, employees, and social enterprises, the structural and financial participation of employees in corporate governance, and more.

The social dimension of governance issues, such as corporate and social responsibility, social dialog, the welfare state, etc., has its philosophical roots in human ethics and its legal basis in the constitutional paradigm of human rights and freedoms.

In modern society and in corporations that are characterized by significant developments in the field of information and communication technologies and other digital technologies, both capital gain and human/social aspects should form the
framework for democratic life and social welfare. The new information and communication channels influence the balance between the two fundamental components of modern societies and corporations, namely capital and labour.

University Articles

BOHINC, Rado, PRIMEC, Andreja and HRAST, Anita (eds.), 2023, 

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Green and Digital Transition: Legal and Sustainability Issues : scientific conference [online]. Other monographs and other completed works. Koper : Znanstveno-razizkavalno središče Koper, Annales ZRS. [Accessed 30 January 2026]. ISBN 978-961-7195-22-4. Retrieved from: https://dirros.openscience.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=17503

Bohinc, Rado (2023). Predlogi za prenovo organizacije in upravljanja javne zdravstvene dejavnosti. Podjetje in delo, letnik 49, številka 6/7, str. 906-921. URN:NBN:SI:doc-Y8CGNH6Q from http://www.dlib.si

The Role of Higher Education in Shaping the Future of Euro–Southern Mediterranean Relations

Excellencies, distinguished guests, colleagues, students, dear friends of the Mediterranean,

It is a great honour to welcome you to the European Parliament for this high-level conference dedicated to the role of higher education in shaping the future of Euro–Southern Mediterranean relations.

A special welcome is extended to the representatives of the  Ministry of Higher Education and Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia; to Member of the European Parliament Vladimir Prebilič; to representatives of the European Commission and the Union for the Mediterranean; to representatives of European and Arab higher-education institutions; to rectors, professors, and researchers; and, in particular, to the students. Ultimately, every policy discussed at this conference is designed for them.

This conference takes place in Brussels, at the heart of European decision-making, with a clear and deliberate purpose: to affirm that education, research, and innovation are the strongest bridges that can be built across the Mediterranean. Education represents Europe’s most powerful form of soft power, and at a time of profound transformation and uncertainty, the Mediterranean requires this soft power more than ever.

The organisers wish to express sincere appreciation to the conference co-organisers: the Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes, under the leadership of its President, Dr. Bousmina, and the Slovenian Business and Research Association, led by its President, Dr. Veselinovič.

1. A Turning Point for the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean region is characterised by one of the strongest demographic contrasts in the world. On its southern shores, a rapidly growing and increasingly educated youth population is emerging. On its northern shores, Europe faces demographic ageing and an acute need for talent.

This contrast carries both risk and opportunity. Without strategic cooperation, it may generate instability, unregulated migration, and social frustration. With courage, vision, and sustained cooperation, however, it can become one of the most significant opportunities for shared prosperity of the present generation.

At this critical juncture, higher education must not be viewed as a sectoral policy. It constitutes a geopolitical priority. Higher education shapes values, contributes to social stability, creates economic opportunity, and builds bridges in contexts where traditional diplomacy may encounter limitations.

2. Contributing to the Action Plan of the Pact for the Mediterranean

This conference is not a symbolic event. It is conceived as a working meeting of institutions that possess both the capacity to influence policy and the responsibility to deliver tangible outcomes.

The central objective is to contribute substantively to the development of a strong, realistic, and actionable Action Plan for the Pact for the Mediterranean. Participants are encouraged to propose concrete policy instruments and operational measures.

The discussions focus on:

  • strengthening university alliances across the Mediterranean;
  • ensuring that academic mobility becomes more inclusive and more equitable;
  • facilitating a transition from brain drain to brain circulation;
  • linking research and innovation more effectively to societal needs;
  • empowering youth and women as key agents of change;
  • establishing structured and mutually beneficial cooperation between Europe, the Southern Mediterranean, and the Gulf; and
  • in the longer term, building a Euro-Mediterranean Higher Education Area from the bottom up.

These objectives extend beyond universities alone. They form part of a broader project aimed at regional stability, economic development, and long-term peace.

3. Towards a New Chapter of the Barcelona Process

Nearly three decades ago, the Barcelona Process articulated a vision of partnership and shared development across the Mediterranean. Since then, the Barcelona Process and the Union for the Mediterranean have advanced political dialogue, economic cooperation, and cultural exchange.

However, higher education and research—despite their central role in developing skills, fostering mutual understanding, and expanding opportunity—remain underutilised instruments within this framework. The Mediterranean region requires a renewed chapter characterised by long-term, structured, and institutionalised cooperation.

The Pact for the Mediterranean should represent this next stage: an evolution of the Barcelona Process grounded in knowledge, people-to-people engagement, and institutional partnerships.

4. EMUNI University as a Living Pillar of Euro-Mediterranean Cooperation

The Euro-Mediterranean University (EMUNI) was established as a living pillar of this vision: a bridge built not of physical infrastructure, but of partnerships.

Its mission is to connect the Mediterranean through knowledge and to translate ideas into action. EMUNI brings together universities, researchers, and students from both shores of the Mediterranean, fostering alliances, joint programmes, and shared research initiatives. In doing so, it converts political ambition into practical academic cooperation.

EMUNI stands ready to strengthen its role as a potential entrusted partner of the European Commission in implementing the higher-education dimension of the Pact for the Mediterranean. With its networks, institutional experience, and regional presence, EMUNI is prepared to contribute actively to transforming the Pact into concrete outcomes.

5. Proposals to the European Commission

To ensure that today’s discussions lead to tangible results, two proposals are advanced.

First, a long-term institutional partnership between the European Commission and university networks such as EMUNI, EUROMED, UNIMED, and others is proposed. This partnership could be formalised through a Multiannual Framework Agreement for the period 2025–2032, providing stability, predictability, and strategic continuity beyond short-term project cycles.

Second, it is proposed that the European Commission formally entrust EMUNI and other networks with specific tasks related to the Pact for the Mediterranean. These tasks could include:

  • coordinating university alliances and institutional partnerships across the Mediterranean;
  • managing regional mobility schemes in both North–South and South–North directions, ensuring that mobility functions as opportunity rather than forced migration;
  • launching pilot research and innovation calls for Southern Mediterranean universities and research centres, with a focus on climate action, water management, digital transformation, renewable energy, entrepreneurship and employment, and societal and climate resilience.

Through such arrangements, Euro-Mediterranean university networks could serve as the European Union’s principal implementing platform for the development of a shared Euro-Mediterranean Knowledge Space.

6. A Message to University Partners

Universities constitute the core of this process. Their students, professors, researchers, and institutional creativity give substance to cooperation.

Universities are invited to join EMUNI in developing new alliances, joint study programmes, and shared research initiatives. Academic mobility should be understood not as migration, but as knowledge in motion—returning skills, partnerships, and mutual understanding that strengthen societies on both shores of the Mediterranean.

Collaboration in innovation, digitalisation, green technologies, and cultural dialogue can transform the Mediterranean into a laboratory for cooperation and sustainable growth. The recommendations emerging from this conference will contribute to the people-to-people dimension of the Action Plan guiding the Pact for the Mediterranean from 2026 onwards.

Conclusion

The Mediterranean has long been described as the place where continents meet. It should also be recognised as the place where knowledge meets—where talent circulates, research connects societies, alliances create opportunity, and education serves as a foundation for peace.

The Pact for the Mediterranean provides a strategic framework, but its success will depend on people: policymakers, researchers, professors, and students. EMUNI stands ready to contribute to this collective effort with ambition, responsibility, and partnership.

The next thirty years of Euro–Mediterranean cooperation can become a story defined by knowledge, innovation, and shared prosperity. The Mediterranean should not be perceived as a dividing sea, but as a common space of learning, creativity, and peace.

Corporations and Partnerships in Slovenia, Second edition

Author: dr. Rado Bohinc, Published by: Kluwer Law International, 2020

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Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this practical analysis of the law of business formations in Slovenia provides quick and easy guidance on a variety of corporate and partnership considerations such as mergers, rights and duties of interested parties, stock exchange rules, labour laws, and takeovers. Lawyers who handle transnational business will appreciate the explanation of local variations in terminology and the distinctive concepts that determine practice and procedure.

A general introduction covering historical background, definitions, sources of law, and the effect of international private law is followed by a discussion of such aspects as types of formation, capital, shares, management, control, liquidation, mergers, takeovers, holding companies, subsidiaries, and taxation. Big companies, various types of smaller entities, and partnerships are all covered in turn. These details are presented in such a way that readers who are unfamiliar with specific terms and concepts in varying contexts will fully grasp their meaning and significance.

Thorough yet practical, this convenient volume puts the information necessary for corporations to compete effectively at the user’s fingertips. An important and practical tool for business executives and their legal counsel interested in engaging in an international partnership or embarking on corporate expansion, this book will prove a valuable time-saving tool for business and legal professionals alike. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Slovenia will welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative business law.

Media Law in Slovenia, Second edition

Author: dr. Rado Bohinc
Published by: Kluwer Law International, Alphen aan den Rijn cop. 2019

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Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this analysis of media law in Slovenia surveys the massively altered and enlarged legal landscape traditionally encompassed in laws pertaining to freedom of expression and regulation of communications. Everywhere, a shift from mass media to mass self-communication has put enormous pressure on traditional law models.

An introduction describing the main actors and salient aspects of media markets is followed by in-depth analyses of print media, radio and television broadcasting, the Internet, commercial communications, political advertising, concentration in media markets, and media regulation. Among the topics that arise for discussion are privacy, cultural policy, protection of minors, competition policy, access to digital gateways, protection of journalists’ sources, standardization and interoperability, and liability of intermediaries. Relevant case law is considered throughout, as are various ethical codes.

A clear, comprehensive overview of media legislation, case law, and doctrine, presented from the practitioner’s point of view, this book is a valuable time-saving resource for all concerned with media and communication freedom. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Slovenia will welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative media law.

Science, university articles

The aim of the research on this field is to examine the gap between the reality and both the recommendations and guidelines of various international (Bologna and EU) documents regarding the questions of university autonomy, and to propose solutions to ensure its greater autonomy within the national higher education system. First, the international higher education community’s guidelines and recommendations concerning various aspects of university autonomy is presented. Based on this review, the questions that relate to the constitutional and legal position of the university as an institution in Slovenia are identified. This is followed by an analysis of the legal framework, the legal status of public entities, and the university-state relationship while also presenting disparities from the constitutionally established autonomy of universities from different perspectives. The research findings reveal that the current university system as regulated by the Higher Education Act is inadequate. We therefore argue that truly establishing the constitutionally guaranteed autonomous university requires the higher education legislation to be amended in terms of modernising and improving the Slovenian higher education system (preparation and adoption of a particular university law).

The rectors’ conference of Slovenia launched an initiative to prepare a new draft law on the country’s universities. This step derives from the standpoint that universities are themselves responsible for creating a proper legal framework for their autonomous academic performance. A working group was formed to reflect the basic concepts and formulate a draft law. Among other issues, the draft law largely deals with issues concerning the corporate governance of the universities, including the relationship among university governing and academic organs and bodies, the position of the faculties as members of a university and the issue of student participation. Some unanswered questions relating to the extensive discussions that followed in the academic community regarding certain of the draft law’s solutions are presented in the papers.

Rado. Reti universitarie e ambiente interculturale. V: SADUN BORDONI, Gianluca (ur.). I Balcani e il Mediterraneo, (Collana di studi diplomatici, Storia, memorie, saggi, 30). Catanzaro: Rubbettino. 2010, str. 69-77. [COBISS.SI-ID 3834327]

BOHINC, Rado. University and corporate governance. V: JEŽOVNIK, Alen (ur.). Creativity, innovation and management : proceedings of the 10th international conference, (Management International Conference, ISSN 1854-4312). Koper: Faculty of Management. 2009, str. 1711-1725. [COBISS.SI-ID 3387863]

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Corporate governance articles

Responsibility is not just the ability to respond, but also the duty to react to the consequences of one’s behaviour. There are several types of responsibility, like e.g. moral and legal responsibility, which we can further classify to penal, and damage responsibility (liability). In the article on directors duties and responsibility different types of responsibility in private and public sector are analysed; directors’ (managers´) duties and responsibilities are compared to duties and responsibilities of managers of public agencies, public enterprises and of non-profit organisations. The conclusion of the comparative research is, that management duties and responsibilities should be legally governed and regulated according to the same principles, which is not yet the case in the legal order in Slovenia.

In the article on conflict of interests, the author presents analysis of the current Slovenian legislation covering the issue of conflict of interests, with brief comparative overview. It is estimated that the legislative framework of the conflict of interest related issues in Slovenia is weak and should be improved. The questions like prohibition of competition, duty of disclosure and approval to acquire shares for directors, incompatibility and disinterested position of the supervisory boards’ members, prohibition of board memberships for public officials, and other similar situations are analysed. The author concludes with proposals for legal amendments in this field.

In the field of corporate governance, author also deals with legal analysis of differences and similarities of corporate governance of the state owned enterprises and points out some peculiarities of the new legal framework of state financial investments in Slovenia. Author tries to answer the questions like what is the role of the state as an owner, do we have efficient regulatory framework for state owned enterprises, what are the relationships with the stakeholders and how does the regulation of transparency and disclosure look like. In addition there is a brief comparison of the implementation of the OECD Guidelines in the field of corporate governance of state owned enterprises.

The author also deals with questions of management compensation in Slovenia and describes European and Slovenian legislation and experience in the field of profit sharing. As part of their total compensation for work, members of the board are entitled to a salary, a profit share, reimbursement of expenses, insurance premiums, comissions, and other additional payments. However, the law in Slovenia prescribes the principle of proportionality of compensation to the actual tasks of board members and to the company’s financial state.

Author also deals with the forms of stockholders’ associations for the purpose of realisation of their voting rights. The author analyses legal relations towards proxies, professional proxies and discusses the question as to who can act as a professional proxy. Additionally, author presents views on the associations of stockholders within the frame of different types of agreements and contracts.

BOHINC, Rado. EU corporate governance, recent trends and developments, related to board composition and conflict of interests. V: VRANKIC, Ilko (ur.), KOZINA, Goran (ur.), KOVSCA, Vladimir (ur.). Economic and social development : 9th international scientific conference on economic and social development, Istanbul, 9-10 April 2015 : book of abstracts. Varazdin: Varazdin Development and Entrepreneurship Agency; Koprivnica: University North. 2015, str. 42-43. [COBISS.SI-ID 33302109]

BOHINC, Rado. Conflicts of directors’ interests with the interests of the company in the context of the financial and economic crisis (a comparative overview of some EU countries). V: BOHINC, Rado (ur.). Corporate governance as a tool for economic growth. Ljubljana: Fakulteta za družbene vede, Založba FDV. 2014, str. 167-191. [COBISS.SI-ID 33014109]

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